Introduce the terms frequency and time period. Ask students to attach weights to these to construct oscillators. Find springs or rubber bands with different amounts of stiffness. One of the most common uses of Hooke’s law is solving problems involving springs and pendulums, which we will cover at the end of this section. The units of k are newtons per meter (N/m). A stiffer system is more difficult to deform and requires a greater restoring force. The larger the force constant, the stiffer the system. The force constant k is related to the stiffness of a system. In the absence of force, the object would rest at its equilibrium position. It is a change in position due to a force. The deformation can also be thought of as a displacement from equilibrium. Note that the restoring force is proportional to the deformation x. The restoring force is the force that brings the object back to its equilibrium position the minus sign is there because the restoring force acts in the direction opposite to the displacement. Where x is the amount of deformation (the change in length, for example) produced by the restoring force F, and k is a constant that depends on the shape and composition of the object.
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